Why Children and the Elderly Need Special Care
Every summer, heat waves cause thousands of hospital visits, and sadly, many of the most serious cases involve children and older adults. These groups are more vulnerable because:
Children: Their bodies heat up faster than adults, and they cannot regulate temperature efficiently. Kids also tend to play outdoors without realizing the risks.
Elderly: As people age, their sweat glands, circulation, and ability to sense thirst decline. Chronic conditions like diabetes, heart disease, or respiratory illnesses make heat stress even more dangerous.
Because of these reasons, extra vigilance is needed for caregivers, parents, and family members.
For a complete list of universal strategies for all age groups, explore our Surviving Extreme Heat Guide.
Essential Tips for Protecting Children
Hydration is Key
Children can become dehydrated within hours in hot conditions. To prevent this:
Offer small amounts of water frequently throughout the day.
Avoid sodas, juices, and sports drinks — they often worsen dehydration.
Watch for dehydration signals: dry lips, dizziness, fatigue, sunken eyes, or fewer wet diapers in infants.
Tip: Encourage kids to drink water before, during, and after outdoor play.
Dress Appropriately
The right clothing can help children stay cooler.
Choose light-colored cotton clothing that allows airflow.
Avoid dark colors that trap heat.
Protect skin with a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses.
Use child-safe sunscreen (SPF 30+) when outdoors, reapplied every 2 hours.
Safe Playtime
Outdoor fun should not stop completely, but it must be time-managed:
Restrict outdoor play from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., when sun rays are strongest.
Encourage shaded or indoor activities like board games, crafts, or reading.
If outdoors, take breaks every 20–30 minutes in a shaded area with water.
Essential Tips for Protecting the Elderly
Many older adults live alone, making them more vulnerable during heat waves.
Call or check on them twice a day in extreme heat.
Encourage community check-ins for elderly neighbors.
If possible, create a buddy system where someone visits daily.
Medication Awareness
Certain medications may worsen heat sensitivity:
Diuretics and blood pressure drugs can cause dehydration.
Sedatives and antidepressants may affect body temperature regulation.
Heart and kidney medications can alter how the body handles fluids.
Caregivers should remind seniors to consult their doctor before heat season to understand risks.
Create a Cool Environment
Seniors spend much of their time indoors, so the environment matters:
Use fans and air conditioners when available.
If AC is not available:
Keep curtains and blinds closed during peak heat.
Use cool compresses or damp towels on wrists, ankles, and neck.
Take cool showers or sponge baths.
Visit public cooling centers like malls, libraries, or community halls.
Listen to Their Bodies
Elderly individuals sometimes ignore or dismiss warning signs. Caregivers should look for:
Sudden dizziness or unsteady walking
Headaches or nausea
Weakness, confusion, or slurred speech
A rapid pulse or chest discomfort
Immediate attention can save lives.
When to Seek Medical Help: Spotting the Danger Signs
For both children and elderly, heatstroke is life-threatening and requires emergency care.
🚨 Call 911 immediately if you notice:
Body temperature above 103°F (39.4°C)
Hot, dry skin with little or no sweat
Seizures, fainting, or unconsciousness
Rapid heartbeat or difficulty breathing
Confusion, slurred speech, or seizures
Always keep emergency contacts, a family doctor’s number, and local urgent care information easily accessible.
FAQs About Protecting Vulnerable Groups from Extreme Heat
Q1. Why are children more affected by extreme heat than adults?
Children have a higher surface-area-to-body-mass ratio, meaning they absorb heat faster but sweat less, making them prone to overheating.
How can I keep my elderly parent safe if they don’t have air conditioning?
Encourage staying in shaded rooms, using fans, taking cool showers, and visiting public cooling centers during the hottest hours.
What’s the best fluid for hydration during hot weather?
Plain water is best. Avoid caffeinated, sugary, or alcoholic beverages as they worsen dehydration.
How often should caregivers check on seniors during a heatwave?
At least twice daily, but more frequent check-ins are ideal during severe heat alerts.
What are the first steps if I suspect heatstroke?
Call emergency services immediately, move the person to a cooler place, and apply cool wet cloths while waiting for help.